Math Vocabulary
Polygon - a closed shape with three or more angles
Angles - the point where two sides meet
Triangle - a polygon with three sides and three angles
Quadrilateral - a polygon with four sides and four angles
Pentagon - a polygon with five sides and five angles
Hexagon - a polygon with six sides and six angles
Parallel sides - sides that are an equal distance apart at all points. Parallel sides will not meet to make an angle
Trapezoid - a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides
Parallelogram - a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
Square corners - angles like the corner of a paper
Square - a quadrilateral with all four sides equal lengths and all four angles are square corners
rhombus - a quadrilateral with four equal sides. The angles do not have to be square corners
Rectangle - a quadrilateral with four square corners. The sides do not have to be the same length.
Angles - the point where two sides meet
Triangle - a polygon with three sides and three angles
Quadrilateral - a polygon with four sides and four angles
Pentagon - a polygon with five sides and five angles
Hexagon - a polygon with six sides and six angles
Parallel sides - sides that are an equal distance apart at all points. Parallel sides will not meet to make an angle
Trapezoid - a quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides
Parallelogram - a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides
Square corners - angles like the corner of a paper
Square - a quadrilateral with all four sides equal lengths and all four angles are square corners
rhombus - a quadrilateral with four equal sides. The angles do not have to be square corners
Rectangle - a quadrilateral with four square corners. The sides do not have to be the same length.
Array - arrangement of objects in rows and columns. Arrays are used to show equal groups as a foundation for multiplication and division.
Rows - horizontal groups in a rectangular array
Columns - Vertical groups in a rectangular array
Repeated addition - adding the same number over and over again. Used to find the total of equal groups.
Rows - horizontal groups in a rectangular array
Columns - Vertical groups in a rectangular array
Repeated addition - adding the same number over and over again. Used to find the total of equal groups.
Algorithm - a step-by-step procedure to solve a particular type of problem. The standard algorithm for addition involves stacking the addends on top of each other, aligning the places, and adding the places in order.
Example: 136
+ 42
178
Addends - The numbers that are added in an addition problem
Example: 14 + 7 = 21, 14 and 7 are the addends
Compose - make a larger unit.
Examples: You can compose a ten from 7 and 3
You can compose a hundred from 97 and 3
Decompose - break into smaller units
Examples: You can decompose 26 into 20 and 6
You can decompose 126 into 100 and 26 or 100, 20, and 6
Example: 136
+ 42
178
Addends - The numbers that are added in an addition problem
Example: 14 + 7 = 21, 14 and 7 are the addends
Compose - make a larger unit.
Examples: You can compose a ten from 7 and 3
You can compose a hundred from 97 and 3
Decompose - break into smaller units
Examples: You can decompose 26 into 20 and 6
You can decompose 126 into 100 and 26 or 100, 20, and 6
Totals below - add each unit and write the totals below the line (see the picture to the left). Adding 4 ones and 8 ones totals 12. Adding 2 tens and 3 tens totals 50. Adding 1 hundred to nothing totals 100. At the end, the totals are added up to get the sum.
New groups below - show newly composed units on the line below the appropriate place (see the picture to the left). A ten was composed from 10 ones when adding 4 and 8. The new ten is shown below the tens, and the 2 leftover ones are in the ones place. |
Bundling - switching for a larger unit. You can bundle 10 ones as 1 ten, 10 tens as 1 hundred, or 10 hundreds as 1 thousand.
Benchmark number - When counting up by ones, tens, and hundreds, you switch units at a benchmark number. Count by ones until you reach a ten, and that ten is a benchmark number. Count by tens until you reach a hundred, and that hundred is a benchmark number.
Example: Count from 268 to 500
268, 269, 270, 280, 290, 300, 400, 500
Numeral/Standard Form - a number written in digits
Examples: 25, 963, 100
Expanded Form - stretching a number out to show the value of each digit in an addition sentence
Examples: 200 + 40 + 9 = 249
100 + 0 + 3 = 103
Number Name/Word Form - spelling out a number
Examples: eight hundred forty-two, nine hundred sixteen
Unit Value - the value of a digit based on which place it's in
Examples: 410 The unit value of the 1 is 10 because it's in the tens place
740 The unit value of the 7 is 700 because it's in the hundreds place
Iteration - repeating a single unit to measure ("mark and move")
Standard unit - in measuring length, a unit that can be found on a ruler (such as centimeters, meters, inches, feet, etc.) Other standard units of measurement are grams, pounds, and degrees Fahrenheit.
Nonstandard unit - a unit that is not usually used to measure. An example of measuring length using a nonstandard unit would be marking off how many paperclips long something is.
Benchmark number - When counting up by ones, tens, and hundreds, you switch units at a benchmark number. Count by ones until you reach a ten, and that ten is a benchmark number. Count by tens until you reach a hundred, and that hundred is a benchmark number.
Example: Count from 268 to 500
268, 269, 270, 280, 290, 300, 400, 500
Numeral/Standard Form - a number written in digits
Examples: 25, 963, 100
Expanded Form - stretching a number out to show the value of each digit in an addition sentence
Examples: 200 + 40 + 9 = 249
100 + 0 + 3 = 103
Number Name/Word Form - spelling out a number
Examples: eight hundred forty-two, nine hundred sixteen
Unit Value - the value of a digit based on which place it's in
Examples: 410 The unit value of the 1 is 10 because it's in the tens place
740 The unit value of the 7 is 700 because it's in the hundreds place
Iteration - repeating a single unit to measure ("mark and move")
Standard unit - in measuring length, a unit that can be found on a ruler (such as centimeters, meters, inches, feet, etc.) Other standard units of measurement are grams, pounds, and degrees Fahrenheit.
Nonstandard unit - a unit that is not usually used to measure. An example of measuring length using a nonstandard unit would be marking off how many paperclips long something is.
Number bond - a picture that shows a relationship between numbers. The two smaller numbers can be put together to make the bigger number.
Say Ten counting - counting or saying a number with the number of tens stated aloud. For example, 11 is "1 ten 1," 12 is "1 ten 2," 20 is "2 tens," and 27 is "2 tens 7."
Basic facts - addition or subtraction facts that can be done in your head, without using your
fingers or a number line. Problems using single digits are usually considered to be basic facts, but they can be used to solve equations with bigger numbers.
Example: Use the basic fact 3+2 to solve 13+2. 3+2=5, so 13+2=15
Say Ten counting - counting or saying a number with the number of tens stated aloud. For example, 11 is "1 ten 1," 12 is "1 ten 2," 20 is "2 tens," and 27 is "2 tens 7."
Basic facts - addition or subtraction facts that can be done in your head, without using your
fingers or a number line. Problems using single digits are usually considered to be basic facts, but they can be used to solve equations with bigger numbers.
Example: Use the basic fact 3+2 to solve 13+2. 3+2=5, so 13+2=15
Tape diagram - a picture that helps students decide how to calculate the answer to the question that is asked. It is a visual representation of an item that is shorter, an item that is longer, or finding the difference between lengths.